Showing posts with label history stuff. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history stuff. Show all posts

Vishalini: A Prodigy with Highest IQ in the World


The girl in the above picture is K. Vishalini, an 11 years old girl from Tamilnadu, India. Born with speech impairment (most geniuses in the world are) but was overcome with the help of her mother, Vishalini is due to claim the Guinness World Record because of her IQ which is estimated to be around 225. 

The only reason why she can't claim the record is because Guinness said only eligible entry requirement is 14 years old. Her IQ is 15 points more than the previous record holder, Kim Ung-Young from Korea (below picture).

Read more about Kim Ung - Young here.

Some of Vishalini's achievements:
  1. Vishalini’s IQ is around 225. It is higher than that of the Guinness record holder, Kim Ung-Yong, whose IQ is around 210.
  2. She has passed Microsoft Certified Professional and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) with more than 90% when she was just 10 years old - a world record again. (The previous record was held by a 12-year-old boy from Pakistan, Irtaza Haider)  
  3. She regularly now gets invited for "guest lectures" on Engineering topics at International conferences and by prestigious institutions like National Institute of Technology
  4. Both NITK of Mangalore and Kalasalingam Engineering College are now more than ready to welcome Vishalini. But her parents want the girl to enjoy her childhood for the next three years before thinking of entering a college campus.
Vishalini's parent said that their disappointment now is in the state and central governments who failed to recognize her achievements. Well, to Vishalini, the world of internet is pretty much awesome. Your achievement is just one mouse click away from being recognized by the gruesome governments.



Source: Here.



Origin of Month Names

January: The name was given after the Roman god of beginnings, Janus.
Janus

February: Either come from Februus, ancient Roman god of purification or februa, the festivals of purification celebrated by Rome during this time.

March: Named after the Roman god of war, Mars.
Mars as God of war and agriculture guardian.

April: Originated from the word "aperire" which means to open. The word is taken because this is the time where buds begin to open after winter.

May: Taken from Maiesta, the Roman goddess of spring

June: The name came from Roman goddess of fertility, Juno.
Juno, also called Regina or the queen.

July: The month in which Julius Caesar was born. The name was given in honor of his assassination in 44BCE.
Julius Caesar

August: The name originated from Augustus Caesar, the first Emperor of Roman empire.
Augustus Caesar

September: Came from the word "septem" meaning seven. The name was given because this is the seventh month (counting from March).

October: Came from the word "octo" meaning eight. The name was given because this is the eighth month (counting from March).

November: Came from the word "novem" meaning nine. The name was given because this is the ninth month (counting from March)

December: Came from the word "decem" meaning ten. The name was given because this is the tenth month (counting from March).

Amelia Earhart's Resting Place

If you've never heard of Amelia Earhart's, then you probably didn't know the fact that she was the first aviatrix to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

 

Earhart's mystery started when both Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan disappeared while trying to fly around the world. Signals were sent from Earhart's plane where she tried to find and confirm the location of Howland Island, which located at the atoll near the central of Pacific Ocean. 

There are few theories suggesting Earhart's disappearance and the most likely theory is The Nikumaroro Hypothesis. In this theory, Earhart landed on Nikumaroro Island, survived for sometimes and died on the very same island. She is said to be survived because of several hundreds radio signals sent from the plane, indicating that the plane was on land when the signal was sent. Apparently, the Electra (the plane's name) was swept away by Nikumaroro's strong waves, leaving no visible trace of the plane. 

Click on the image to view larger version
But now, researchers at the International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery are attempting to verify the DNA evidence that will prove this theory when a skull was found by a researcher named Gallagher. The skull, believed to be from females with European descendant, together with 20th century makeup, a compact mirror and few other artifacts were found on Nikumaroro Island in 2007. 

Map showing the location of Howland and Nikumaroro Island
There are few speculations on how Earhart's died from injury, infection, eating toxic fish or simply dehydration. Nevertheless, now we can rest assured knowing that the mystery of the disappearance of world famous aviator is solved. 

Source: Here and here

Name and Meaning of Saturn's Moons (Part 1)

As we all know, Saturn has around 60+ moons or natural satellites. Most of them are given names but some are not due to the lack of the characteristics in term "moon."  


Moon names below are listed alphabetically from A to L. Enjoy.

Aegaeon - One of the three Hecatonchires, a hundred-hands giant that help the titans. 


Aegir - This sea giant is also King of the sea creatures in Norse Mythology.


Albiorix - Also known as Toutatis, the worshiped celtic god in celtic paganism


Anthe - Derived from the word Anthea in Greek, which means "flowery" and is used to symbolize spring


Atlas - A titan which was punished by Zeus to hold the celestial spheres on his shoulders. Modern understanding is that Atlas was punished to carry Earth on his shoulders. 


Atlas


Bebhionn - May derived from Bebinn, the goddess of beauty and seduction in Irish mythology.


Bergelmir - The frost giant that survived the blood flood after Ymir was killed by Odin. Bergelmir and his wife escaped the death and are believed to be the new ancestor of frost giant.


Bestla - The mother of the Gods Odin, Vili and Ve.


Calypso - A nymph in Greek mythology. She is famous because of Odysseus, a mortal man whom she tried to be with until the intervention from Zeus. 


Daphnis - This shepherd and flutist was the son Hermes and Sicilian nymph which was blinded by a Naiad after he cheated her.  


Dione - Mother of Aphrodites, the goddess of love and beauty. 


Enceladus - One of the Gigantes, the children of Gaia and Uranus. 


Epimetheus - the name means hindsight. Together with his brother Prometheus (foresight), they were the sons of Iapetus. 


Erriapus - From the Celtic mythology, Erriapus is believed to be the high god or the leader of the gods in celtic paganism.


Farbauti - Loki's father. 


Fenrir - A monstrous wolf which is believed to bit Tyr's right hand and together with Hati, they were foretold to kill Odin during the great battle, Ragnarok. 


Fornjot - The father of Aegi, Fornjot is believed to be the original ruler of Finland/Norway.


Read more about Saturn here.


Greip - One of two giantess. Daughter of Geirrod, and was killed by Thor along with other frost giants he could find after Geirrod tried to kill him.


Hati - is said to be the son of Fenrir, Hati chases the moon across the night sky and swallow this heavenly body during Ragnarok, which set Fenrir free to kill Odin. 


Helene - Most widely known as Helen of Troy or Helen of Sparta, the daughter of Zeus and Leda. Her abduction by Paris from her husband, Menelaus, brought upon the Trojan war.


Hyperion - One of the twelve gods of titans. He with his brothers, Krios, Koios and Iapetos conspire with Kronos to kill their father, Uranus when he descended to lie with Gaia. 


Hyperion, one of the original Titans of the Ancient Greece.


Hyrokkin - She was the giantess that help the Gods to move Hringhorni, Baldr's ship and the largest among them all to serve as the God's funeral ship. 


Iapetus - Also the son of Uranus and Gaia, the father of Prometheus is given the title "Titan of Mortal Life."


Ijiraq - A shape shifter from Inuit mythology, Ijiraq is believed to confuse Inuit people from entering their areas by being fatally deceptive. 


Jarnsaxa - A jotunn who happens to be Thor's lover and also the mother of Magni, Thor's son. 


Janus - A two faces god in ancient Roman religion facing eastward and westward. They are said to be able to look into the past and future at the same time. 


Kari - The son of Fornjot. Also the God of wind in Norse mythology. 


Kiviuq - An Inuit wanderer that travels across the north and with his supernatural powers, overcome the giants, spirits, cannibals, bear or sea monsters that obstruct his path. 


Loge - The germanize term of Loki, a weird God/Jotunn that sometimes creates troubles or help those in mischief. He's the father of Fenrir, Jormungandr, Nari and also the mother of Sleipner. 


Tom Middleton as Loki in the movie Thor 




Source of names: Here

Amondawa Tribe

You probably have never heard of Amondawa tribe, but this tribe has given scientists chaos in their theory that time was deep-rooted in human brain.


Amondawa tribe, is believed to not have the concept of time. The concept of time is so loss that they did not have words for "year", "week", "month". According to Chris Sinha, a professor at the University of Portsmouth, Amondawa people live in a world of events without embedding the time in the event like normal human should, or at least, normal to us. 


This people, rather than splitting day into specific part like morning, evening, afternoon or night, they just have two, day or night! Their season is also divided into two, rainy and dry.


Well, living without the concept of time certainly can benefit us in some way, but can you imagine if time does not exist??

Source: Credit to Hannan who gave me the link to this tribe.

Estimated IQ of Famous People in History

Have you imagine how far are you from those whom you think has higher intelligence than you? Well, try to compare yourself with these guys. 
NameNationalityDescriptionIQ
Johann Wolfgang von GoetheGermanyPoet/Writer. Universal genius.210
Emanuel SwedenborgSwedenReligious writer. Universal genius.205
Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizGermanyPhilosopher/Mathematician, etc. The greatest universal genius together with Leonardo da Vinci.205
John Stuart MillEnglandPhilosopher/Economist/Political theorist200
Blaise PascalFranceMathematician/Physicist/Religious thinker195
Ludwig WittgensteinAustriaPhilosopher190
Bobby FischerU.S.A.Chess player187
Galileo GalileiItalyPhysicist/Astronomer/Philosopher185
René DescartesFrancePhilosopher/Mathematician180
Madame De StaelFranceWoman of letters/Novelist/Political Philosopher180
Immanuel KantGermanyPhilosopher175
Sofia KovalevskayaRussia/SwedenMathematician/Writer170
Thomas ChattertonEnglandPoet/Writer170
Charles DarwinEnglandNaturalist165
Wolfgang Amadeus MozartAustriaComposer165
Albert EinsteinGermanyMathematician/Physicist161
George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)EnglandWriter - Close friend to J.S. Mill.160
Nicolaus CopernicusPolandCleric/Astronomer160
Rembrandt van RijnHollandPainter/Etcher155
George Sand (Aurore Dupin)FranceWriter150


Note that this is only their estimated IQ. The IQ might be different depending on the test given to them. See how they differ here.

I'm not sure how true is this test, but i think its fun to answer the questions. In Malaysia, i don't think IQ test is compulsory. That is why genius like Adiputra is hard to spot. Again, i think it's fun to know how your mind work once a while.

IQ Test For Free

Copy and pasted from here.

53 Crazy Laws


Seriously???

**Many of these laws were established during the end of the 1800s and early 1900s, when the United States was rapidly changing from an agricultural to industrial nation. Some of the laws went out of date or were repealed. Many are still on the books but not enforced.
    chicken crossingIt is illegal for chickens to cross the road in Quitman, Georgia
  1. In Quitman, Georgia, chickens may not cross the road.c
  2. Before 1920, it was illegal for women in the United States to vote. When women’s rights advocate Susan B. Anthony tried to vote in the 1872 election, she was arrested and fined $100.c
  3. It’s illegal to ride an ugly horse in Wilbur, Washington.c
  4. In Mohave County, Arizona, if anyone is caught stealing soap, he must wash himself with it until the soap is gone.c
  5. First cousins may marry in Utah, but only after they’re 65 years old.a
  6. In North Dakota, no one can be arrested on the Fourth of July, a holiday that is commonly known there as “Five Finger Discount Day.”a
  7. In Tennessee, it is illegal for children to play games on Sunday without a license.b
  8. It is illegal in Tennessee for an atheist to hold office.b
  9. In Indiana, it is illegal for a man to be sexually aroused in public.a
  10. It is illegal in California to lick toads. Apparently, some people were licking toads to get high. Unfortunately, some people were being harmed by the toads’ poison.d
  11. It is against Michigan state law to tie a crocodile to a fire hydrant.a
  12. An old Colorado law states that a person mush have a doctor’s prescription before taking a bath.c
  13. Colorado law states that a man cannot marry his wife’s grandmother.b
  14. In Kansas, when two trains meet at a crossing, “both shall come to full stop and neither shall start up again until the other has gone.”c
  15. A woman in a housecoat is forbidden to drive a car in California.b
  16. According to Minneapolis law, a person who double parks a car will be put on a chain gang with only bread and water to eat.b
  17. woman's hairIn Michigan, husbands legally own their wives’ hair
  18. In Michigan, a woman’s hair belongs to her husband.b
  19. In Morrisville, Pennsylvania, it is illegal for a woman to wear cosmetics without a permit.b
  20. A man is forbidden to kiss a woman while she’s asleep in Logan County, Colorado.d
  21. In Challis, Idaho, it is illegal to walk down the street with another man’s wife.b
  22. Flirting in Little Rock, Arkansas, can land someone in jail for 30 days.c
  23. In Truro, Mississippi, a man must prove himself worthy before getting married by hunting and killing either six blackbirds or three crows.b
  24. There are still laws in Pueblo, Colorado, stating that it is illegal to grow dandelions.b
  25. A woman in Memphis, Tennessee, is not allowed to drive a car unless a man is in front of the car waving a red flag to warn people and other cars.b
  26. It is illegal for children under the age of 12 to talk on the telephone unless accompanied by a parent in Blue Earth, Minnesota.b
  27. In Kalispell, Montana, children must have a doctor’s note if they want to buy a lollipop.b
  28. A representative from Oklahoma, Linda Larsen attempted to lower the divorce rate by proposing a law that would require the following before a marriage license would be issued: neither party should snore, at least one meal a week should be prepared by the non-primary cook, toothpaste should be squeezed from the bottom of the tube, pantyhose shouldn’t be left hanging in the shower, and the toilet seat should always be down when not being used.b
  29. guy mustacheMen with mustaches are forbidden to kiss women in Eureka, Nevada
  30. In Eureka, Nevada, it is illegal for men who have mustaches to kiss women.b
  31. It is illegal in Waco, Texas, to throw a banana peel onto the street because a horse could slip.d
  32. In Texas, the Encyclopedia Britannica was banned because it contained a formula for making beer.b
  33. Pickles were outlawed in Los Angeles because the smell might offend people.b
  34. It’s illegal in St. Louis, Missouri, for a fireman to rescue a woman wearing a nightgown. If she wants to be rescued, she must be fully clothed.b
  35. Hartford, Connecticut, banned men from kissing their wives on Sundays.d
  36. Buying ice cream on Sundays was illegal in Ohio because it was thought to be frivolous and “luxurious.” Consequently, ice cream vendors would put fruit on top of the ice cream to make it more nutritious, creating the ice cream sundae.b
  37. A woman wearing shorts, a halter top, or a bathing suit to a political rally in Wheatfield, Indiana, could be charged with a misdemeanor.d
  38. In Lander, Wyoming, it is illegal for adults to take a bath more than once a month once the cold weather arrives. Children cannot take a bath at all during the winter.b
  39. According to Florida law, anyone who takes a bath must wear clothes.b
  40. Motorists in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, cannot park a car for more than two hours unless it is hitched to a horse.b
  41. Women in Whitesville, Delaware, could be charged with disorderly conduct if they propose marriage to a man.b
  42. In Kentucky, it is against the law to remarry the same man four times.a
  43. There is a law in South Carolina that allows a husband to beat his wife on the courthouse steps on a Sunday.b
  44. In Arizona, oral sex is considered sodomy.b
  45. In Arizona, a man may legally beat his wife once a month, but no more.b
  46. girl flirtingA girl may not ask a boy for a date over the phone in Dyersburg, Tennessee
  47. In Dyersburg, Tennessee, it is against the law for a girl to telephone a boy to ask for a date.b
  48. In Kentucky, a woman is forbidden to wear a bathing suit on a highway unless she is armed with a club or is escorted by at least two officers. The amendment says that the provisions of this statue “shall not apply to a female weighing less than 90 pounds or exceeding 200 pounds.”b
  49. According to an Atlanta, Georgia, ordinance, “smelly people” are not allowed to ride public streetcars.a
  50. Massachusetts passed a law in 1648 that allowed a parent to put to death a stubborn or rebellious son. The law has been repealed by the legislature.b
  51. In Massachusetts, a person could be fined up to $200 for denying the existence of God.d
  52. In 1659, Massachusetts outlawed Christmas. According to state law, anybody observing Christmas would be fined five shillings.b
  53. In California, ostrich steaks are exempt from state sales tax.b
  54. In Lexington, Kentucky, it is against the law to carry an ice cream cone in a pocket.c
  55. Policemen are allowed to bite a dog if they think it will calm the dog down in Paulding, Ohio.c
  56. In Zeigler, Illinois, only the first four firemen to arrive at a fire will be paid.c

Female Scientists Who Changed The World

Marie Curie
Together with her husband, they performed ground breaking and risky procedures in their laboratory. On the heels of the discovery of radiation by Henri Becquerel in 1896, she developed ways to separate radium from radiation leading to many current practices, including chemotherapy. Later in life, she became the Director of the Curie Laboratory in the Radium Institute of the University of Paris. For her work, she was awarded various prizes, including the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and again for chemistry in 1911.

Ada Byron
Also known as Lady Lovelace, she was the daughter of world renowned poet, Lord Byron. Although she strived to be an analyst and metaphysician, her father’s gift of imagination and creativity led her to see the then Analytical Engine as something far more profound. After her translation of the engines creator’s work took on a life of its own, she suggested a plan for how the engine could calculate Bernoulli numbers. This plan, developed in 1843, would then be regarded as the first ever computer program.

Rosalind Franklin
Born in Great Britain in 1920, Rosalind decided to be a scientist at the age of 15. However, she hit a speed bump when her father refused to pay for higher education, believing women were unfit for it. With some prodding from family members, Rosalind was finally able to go where she was able to assist in making amazing breakthroughs in DNA research. She was able to adjust x-ray equipment to produce a fine beam and extract DNA fibers like never before. Unfortunately, her life was cut short at the age 37 by ovarian cancer. But her name and work still live on the Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in Illinois.

Lisa Meitner
Born in 1878 in Austria, she was the third of eight children. After obtaining a doctorate from the University of Vienna, she went on to study with noted chemist Otto Hahn who would later go on to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944 for their collaborated work. It led to the discovery of a new element protactinium, the Auger effect, and eventually discovered the process of nuclear fission with her nephew. Being of Jewish descent, her work was interrupted by the Nazi invasion, but she survived to continue her work.

Hypatia of Alexandria
Born at approximately 360 A.D. in Alexandria, Egypt, she is considered the first female mathematician. Along with her father, they collaborated together on impressive works such as “Arithmetica,” “Almagest,” and “Elements.” She is also believed to have written “The Astronomical Canon.” Hypatia also did work in philosophy, accounting, and astronomy. She is even credited with the charting of celestial bodies, the invention of the hydrometer, and more.

Dorothy Hodgkin
Born in Cairo in 1910, this British scientist is noted with discovering protein crystallography, which is a method of x-rays that can determine the arrangement of atoms. She became interested in chemistry and in crystals at about the age of ten and was encouraged by a friend of her parents who gave her chemicals and helped her analyze them. When returning to Oxford in 1934, she would continue the work that earned her a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964. Her work was also vital in the studies of insulin and penicillin.

Sophie Germain
She was born in France in 1776 to an era of revolution. Thirteen years later, her country would undergo its own revolution, and due to her confinement at home, she became interested in mathematics. Although her parents objected to a female learning mathematics, Sophie continued to read on the subject and teach herself. Unable to attend institutions of higher education, Sophie found ways to study by obtaining lecture notes, using a pseudonym to write to scientists, and even attending academic functions. Her work ultimately led to the theory of elasticity and noted advances in number theory.

Barbara McClintock
Born in 1902, this American was one of the world’s most noted cytogeneticists, a geneticist who studies the structure and function of the cell with particular interest in chromosomes. She attended Cornell University in 1927 where she received a PhD in botany. However, after an undergraduate course in genetics, she found herself fascinated by the subject. Barbara devoted her studies to seeing how chromosomes change during the reproduction process. It was during this work that she discovered that genes could move between and on chromosomes, leading to many other important discoveries. For this, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983.

Rachel Carson
She was a writer, scientist, and ecologist born in Pennsylvania in 1907. After obtaining a MA in Zoology from Hon Hopkins University, she was hired by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries to write radio scripts during the depression and feature articles on natural history for the “Baltimore Sun.” After becoming concerned by the use of synthetic chemical pesticides after World War II, Carson changed her focus in order to warn the public about the long term effects of misusing pesticides. One of the very first environmentalists, she changed the world by inspiring a host of present and future ones.

**Materials taken from here. Continue reading to see the remaining six who's still alive.